动物实验室规划
Classification and standards of experimental animal / 实验动物分级及其标准
There are four levels for experimental animal in accordance with microbiological control standards:
根据实验动物微生物控制标准,可将实验动物分为四级:
Level I: Common animals (CV) are general animals that are not subject to special control. They are required not to have the pathogen and for main infectious diseases for human and animal diseases and pathogen for fulminating infectious disease. In order to prevent infectious diseases, it is necessary to take certain measures to ensure reproducibility of the results of the experiment during animal breeding (The experiments carried out by different operators and in different time in accordance with experimental procedures on same type of animals should have similar results).
一级:普通动物(CV),是指微生物不受特殊控制的一般动物。要求排除人兽共患病的病原体和极少数的实验动物烈性传染病的病原体。为防止传染病,在实验动物饲养和繁殖时,要采取一定的措施,应保证其用于测试的结果具有反应的重现性(即无论不同的操作人员,在不同的时间,用同一品系的动物按规定的实验规程所做的实验,都能获得几乎相同的结果)。
Level II: Clean animals (CL) are required not to have the pathogen for main infectious diseases for human and animal diseases.
二级:清洁动物(CL),要求排除人兽共患病及动物主要传染病的病原体。
Level III: Animals without special pathogen (SPF) are required to reach level II and exclude some designated pathogen. High efficiency air filter sterilization, UV sterilization, three glycol vapor spray and aqueous solution of lithium chloride spray can be used for sterilization.
三级:无特殊病原体动物(SPF),要求到二级外,还要排除一些规定的病原体。其除菌与灭菌的方法,可使用高效空气过滤器除菌法:紫外线灭菌法、三甘醇蒸气喷雾法及氯化锂水溶液喷雾法。
Level IV: sterile animal (GF) or gnotobiotic animal (GN). Sterile animals are required not to have any microorganisms that can be detected by existing method. Gnotobiotic animals are required not have implanted with one or several kinds of known microorganisms in the sterile animal.
四级:无菌动物(GF)或悉生动物(GN)。无菌动物要求不带有任何用现有方法可检出的微生物。悉生动物要求在无菌动物体上植入一种或数种已知的微生物。
无菌、已知菌以及无特殊病原体动物都需要在无菌或尽可能无菌的环境里饲养,这种环境,目前国际上通用称为屏障环境,即用一道屏障把动物与周围污染的环境隔开。
A .Isolation system / 隔离系统
B.Shield system / 屏障系统
C.Semi-shield system / 半屏障系统
D.Laminar frame system / 层流架系统
E.Open System / 开放系统
Basic requirements for animal room design / 动物房设计的基本要求
Configuration of animal room / 动物房的设置
Animal room, activity area and corresponding auxiliary room should be built according to different species and different levels of experimental animals. The site should be quiet and clean without adverse external influence.
Animal room must be full of light with good ventilation, have clean ground and no water accumulation; ceiling and walls must be easy to clean and disinfect; exterior walls, roof, ceiling, doors and windows and pipelines must be free from animals, mosquitoes and other pests. Indoor temperature should be controlled at in 18-29℃, relative humidity 40%-70%, noise 60dB.
动物房必须光线充足、通风良好、地面整洁,不积水;顶棚、墙壁要易于清洁、消毒;外墙、屋顶、顶棚、门窗及通外面的管道等必须杜绝外界动物、蚊蝇及其它虫害钻入。室内温度控制在18~29℃,相对湿度40%~70%,噪音60dB以内。
The animal density in cages cannot be too large. Air supply device, exhaust device, cooling and heating equipment should be equipped. Dedicated sewage and drainage facilities must be built to prevent spread of pathogens. All cages should be cleaned and disinfected regularly. Pad material must be disinfected by high temperature/pressure or drugs and replaced in time. Indoor ammonia concentrations must be below 15 mg/m3.
笼内动物密度不能太大,要有送风、排风、降温及保暖设备。必须有专用的排污、排水设施,防止病原扩散。各种笼具要定期清洗消毒,垫料须经高温高压或药物消毒并及时更换,使室内氨浓度在15 mg/m3以下。